Clamp, digital and multimeters are included in this category. Resistance tester; infrared scanner; portable test equipment, such as high potential tester; the main function of the instrument and test equipment is to help installers and maintenance personnel to ensure the reliability, efficiency and profitability of electrical systems and equipment.

Clamp, digital and multimeters are included in this category. Resistance testers; infrared scanners; portable test equipment, such as high-potential testers; and desktop devices.

The main function of instruments and test equipment is to help installers and maintenance personnel to ensure the reliability, efficiency and profitability of electrical systems and equipment. They are tools that allow measurements (rather than visual inspections) to determine the status of electrical components and systems. This type of equipment ranges from simple handheld devices to sophisticated laboratory instruments. However, all of these require a certain level of skill to use them correctly and analyze the results accurately.

Handheld meter

The most widely used instruments are handheld instruments, which usually include clamp meters and multimeters. The clamp meter is widely used because of its easy operation. Multimeters are also popular because they are easy to carry and can perform a wide variety of measurement ranges. These units have a large number of accessories available, so they can be used to measure light levels, temperature and other variables to further expand their use for electricians. Most of them can provide digital or analog readings, and the choice depends largely on the user’s personal preferences and accuracy requirements.

Both clamp meter and multimeter can be of average response or true effective value type. The true RMS unit responds to the effective heat generation of the AC waveform. The averager calculates the arithmetic average of the waveform. When the signal to be measured is close to a pure sine wave, an average response meter or a true effective value meter can be used with reasonable accuracy. However, if the waveform is distorted (for example, common in circuits that supply phase-to-neutral and phase-to-non-linear loads), true rms sensing devices are preferred because the readings will be more accurate。

Portable test equipment

Megaohmmeters, including special versions for determining the resistance of grounding systems, are also widely used. They can be shaken manually or battery powered, and have various levels of complexity.

Facts have proved that recording instruments are very helpful for long-term analysis of system parameters (such as current, voltage, electrical noise, waveform, etc.). Devices of this type range from relatively simple dot matrix printers to high-speed computer units.

As more and more nonlinear loads become the norm in today’s offices and factories, harmonic analyzers have become extremely important.

Thermal measuring instruments are also very popular as a means of detecting overheating of electrical system equipment. These instruments range from simple units (read directly on the meter scale) to highly complex instruments (heat maps (infrared photos) are available), which can accurately show the location of hot spots. Infrared sensing equipment is very suitable for finding loose connections, fuse clip corrosion, connector deterioration and other potential failure points that may heat up.

Larger portable test equipment includes high-current testers for checking the operation of power circuit breakers, relay testers for precise adjustment of protective relay settings, and high-potential testers for assessing continuity of medium voltage cables. Special equipment is used for power factor testing of large motors and transformers.

Bench test equipment

It is also possible to use laboratory-type equipment, for example, for analyzing oil samples of transformers. Gas chromatograph is used to detect trace traces of various materials (such as PCB). High-precision oscilloscopes, counters and other desktop equipment are also widely used in electrical installations and equipment testing.

 

• • Adhesion or adhesion tester
  • Compression tester
  • Creep and stress relaxation tester
  • Drop or impact tester
  • Ductility tester
  •Fatigue tester
  • Impact toughness tester
  • Shear Tester
  • Tensile tester
  •Vibration tester features
• feature
• • ASTM defines adhesion as a kind of interfacial force, which may be caused by valence, interlocking, or both to fix two surfaces together. Adhesion is one of the most important characteristics of film systems.
  • Compression tests can be performed on materials for multiple purposes. Depending on the type of material, compressive properties may be quite different from tensile properties.
  • Tests that characterize material properties under constant strain or stress conditions fall into the category of creep and stress relaxation. These tests can provide important information about the properties of materials or components under long-term conditions.
  • Drop mechanical testing is also called impact testing; it is usually performed as part of the hardware qualification or design process. The information obtained during the impact test can improve the survivability of the product and verify its performance in service.
  • Ductility can also be called bending or bending test. Ductility refers to the ability to undergo plastic deformation during stretching or bending before breaking.
  • Fatigue tester can also be called dynamic tester. The fatigue tester measures the fatigue strength or destructive resistance of materials under controlled cyclic deformation conditions.
  • The two most commonly used methods in impact testing are Charpy and Izod. The impact test measures the energy absorbed by the sample before it ruptures. This energy consists of several energy contributions, including the energy absorbed by the impact machine through vibration after the initial contact with the sample and the energy loss of the pendulum during hammering (in the pendulum impact During the test) the total energy consumed by the impact of the sample and the deformation and fracture of the sample.
  • Shear strength is defined as the maximum stress that a material can withstand before shear failure. The calculation of shear strength depends on the test method.
  • Tensile mechanical testing is the most common type of material and product testing. From quality control to research and development, most laboratories basically need to characterize and report tensile test performance.
  • The vibration test system is used to evaluate the design purpose of products and packaging, and to simulate the vibration effect of product transportation.
• Technical indicators
• User interface options for mechanical test equipment include analog or digital local interfaces, computer interfaces, serial or parallel communications, and application software. Display options for mechanical test equipment include analog meters, digital readouts, and video displays. Other output options include analog voltage, pulse signal, analog current, and switch or relay. Important environmental parameters to be considered for mechanical testing equipment include working temperature and working humidity。